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What is Universal Liquidity?

Liquidity today is fragmented across chains, tokens, and user balances.
Even when accounts are unified, assets themselves generally remain siloed. Universal Liquidity is the core of Particle Network’s chain abstraction, allowing users to transact anywhere, even when their tokens exist elsewhere. It achieves this through an intent-based model applied automatically during transactions.
TL;DR: users can spend tokens from one or multiple chains to fund operations on any destination chain. Possible without bridging, swapping, or manual transfers.

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How It Works

When a transaction requires liquidity on a destination chain where a user holds insufficient tokens, Universal Liquidity coordinates an intent-based settlement behind the scenes.
  1. The user signs a Merkle root hash containing:
    • The destination transaction (e.g., swap, mint, deposit)
    • The necessary operations that fund it
  2. This Merkle root represents a Merkle tree of operations, ensuring atomic validation of all steps involved.
  3. Solvers detect this intent, execute the required operations, and front the necessary tokens on the destination chain.
For example, a user wants to execute a transaction that requires 250 USDC on Ethereum.The user holds 100 USDC on Base, 0.1 BNB on BNB Chain, and 0.3 SOL on Solana.A solver fronts the required 250 USDC on Ethereum and later receives repayment from the user’s balances across those origin chains, plus a small fee.
The mechanism operates through solvers and liquidity sources distributed across the supported networks.

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Gas Abstraction

Users can execute operations without requiring users to hold native gas tokens. The Universal infrastructure uses paymasters to abstract gas costs, covering fees on the user’s behalf and settling repayment later in any supported token, even across different chains. This maintains the same cross-chain flexibility as the liquidity layer itself: users can approve and complete complex multi-chain transactions with a single signature, no gas management required.

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TL;DR

Universal Liquidity unlocks a true chain-agnostic user experience, where:
  • Assets across chains act as a single liquidity source
  • Transactions can be executed from any combination of balances
  • Users never worry about bridging, gas, or balance fragmentation

Get started with Universal Account

Learn how to integrate Universal Account into your dApp.